THE INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN D, MAGNESIUM, AND ZINC LEVELS ON THE OSSEOINTEGRATION OF DENTAL IMPLANTS: CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS

Abstract

This article analyzes the clinical and biochemical aspects of the potential influence of vitamin D, magnesium, and zinc status on the osseointegration of dental implants. The aim is to summarize scientific evidence on the relationship between the status of these micronutrients and the formation and remodeling of peri-implant bone tissue. The mechanisms through which they participate in mineral metabolism, regulate bone cell activity, and contribute to reparative processes are examined. Particular attention is given to comparing biochemical indicators with clinical parameters, including implant stability, changes in marginal bone levels, and the incidence of early complications. The article discusses the potential role of assessing serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, magnesium, and zinc when planning implant treatment, as well as the limitations involved in interpreting these indicators. The importance of distinguishing experimental findings from clinical observations is emphasized. Current evidence does not establish conclusively that each of the micronutrients considered independently influences the success of dental implant treatment. A promising direction for future research is the conduct of prospective studies that account for comorbidities, dietary patterns, bone tissue status, and implant placement protocols.