The role of the oral microbiome in the aetiopathogenesis of peri-implantitis: microbiological, immunological and structural aspects
Keywords:
Peri-implantitis; Oral microbiome.Abstract
This study aimed to develop, validate, and clinically evaluate the relationship between dental implantation and disturbances in the microbiological balance of the oral cavity. The paper summarises the results of microbiological studies aimed at establishing a correlation between the identified changes. For the analysis, a group of 20 patients aged 25–60 years without concomitant somatic diseases was formed, from whom samples were taken for microbiological testing.
The study results revealed significant quantitative shifts in the composition of the microflora. A 3.7-fold decrease in staphylococcus titres was observed compared with those of healthy individuals, a 1.8-fold decrease in green streptococci, a 2.8-fold decrease in Neisseria, a 1.7-fold decrease in lactobacilli and a 1.5-fold decrease in Veillonella. At the same time, a twofold increase in the concentration of fusobacteria was recorded, and the content of actinomycetes increased 2.4-fold. The total number of bacteroides increased 1.2-fold, including odontogenic bacteroides by 1.3-fold; a twofold increase in the number of fungi of the genus Candida was also observed.
This study confirms that an increase in the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms initiates a destructive cascade reaction leading to the development of peri-implantitis. Understanding these mechanisms is of fundamental importance for the development of personalised strategies for the diagnosis and prevention of complications associated with dental implantation.
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