NEKROZ: ETIOPATOGENEZI, KLASSIFIKATSIYASI, KLINIK MANZARASI, DIAGNOSTIKASI VA DAVOLASH USULLARI
Keywords:
nekroz, etiopatogenez, klassifikatsiya, koagulyatsion nekroz, nekroptoz, piroptoz, ferroptoz, diagnostika, davolashAbstract
Mazkur maqolada nekrozning etiopatogenezi, tasnifi, klinik manzarasi, diagnostikasi va davolash usullariga oid zamonaviy ilmiy maʼlumotlar keng qamrovli tahlil qilingan. Nekroz — hujayra va toʻqimalarning qaytmas patologik oʻlimi boʻlib, yalligʻlanish reaksiyasi bilan kechadi. Maqolada nekrozning anʼanaviy turlari (koagulyatsion, kollikvatsion, kazeoz, yogʻ, fibrinoid va gangrenoz nekroz) bilan bir qatorda, boshqariladigan shakllari — nekroptoz, piroptoz va ferroptozning molekulyar mexanizmlari batafsil yoritilgan. Etiologik omillar (gipoksiya, ishemiya, infeksion agentlar, fizik va kimyoviy taʼsirlar, immunologik reaksiyalar) tasniflangan. Diagnostik yondashuvlar, jumladan laborator biomarkerlar, vizualizatsion usullar (KT, MRT, UTT) va patogistologik tekshiruv imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan. Davolash tamoyillari (jarrohlik debridmenti, antibiotikoterapiya, giperbarik oksigenatsiya va istiqbolli farmakologik yondashuvlar) dalillarga asoslangan holda keltirilgan. Epidemiologik koʻrsatkichlar va nekrozning turli shakllari boʻyicha statistik maʼlumotlar taqdim etilgan. Nekrozni farmakologik ingibitsiya qilish istiqbollari muhokama qilingan.
References
Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders; 2021. (Umumiy nekroz mexanizmlari, taʼrifi va etiologik omillar.)
Lin J, Chen J, Zhang D, et al. Roles and Mechanisms of Regulated Necrosis in Corneal Diseases: Progress and Perspectives. J Ophthalmol. 2022;2022:2695212. (Boshqariladigan nekroz: nekroptoz, piroptoz, ferroptoz.)
Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, et al. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ. 2018;25(3):486-541. (Boshqariladigan hujayra oʻlimi tasnifi.)
Del Re DP, Amgalan D, Linkermann A, Liu Q, Kitsis RN. Fundamental Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death and Implications for Heart Disease. Physiol Rev. 2019;99(4):1765-1817. (Nekroptoz, ferroptoz mexanizmlari va yurak kasalliklaridagi roli.)
Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders; 2021. (Nekrozning patomorfologik turlari: koagulyatsion, kollikvatsion, kazeoz, yogʻ, fibrinoid, gangrenoz.)
Manipal Hospitals. How Different Types of Necrosis Affect Organs and Tissues. Published March 17, 2025. Available from: https://www.manipalhospitals.com (Nekroz turlarining organlar boʻyicha klinik koʻrinishlari.)
Adigun R, Basit H, Murray J. Necrosis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557627/ (Nekroz etiologiyasi, morfologik belgilari.)
Desta R, Yee J. Necrotizing Fasciitis. JETem. 2020;5(2). doi:10.21980/J84M1D (NSTI klinikasi, LRINEC shkalasi va KT diagnostikasi.)
Feger J, Campos A. Myocardial necrosis. Radiopaedia.org. Revised August 28, 2024. doi:10.53347/rID-154795 (Miokard nekrozi biomarkerlari va EKG belgilari.)
UK Ministry of Defence. Clinical Guidelines for Operations: Severe Soft Tissue Infections: Necrotising Soft Tissue Infections (NSTIs) and Severe Cellulitis. 2025. (NSTI da jarrohlik debridmenti va antibiotik strategiyalari.)
Nethra S, Wallace S, Som R. From the Cochrane Library: Interventions for Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections in Adults. J Med Internet Res. 2022;5(1):e34578. doi:10.2196/34578 (NSTI da giperbarik oksigenatsiya va salbiy bosimli terapiya.)
Kern C, Davies B, Bonventre J, et al. Necrosis as a fundamental driver of loss of resilience and biological decline: what if we could intervene? Oncogene. 2025;44(24):1893-1904. doi:10.1038/s41388-025-03431-y (Nekrozni farmakologik ingibitsiya qilish istiqbollari.)
Sarhan M, Land WG, Tonnus W, Hugo C, Linkermann A. Origin and Consequences of Necroinflammation. Physiol Rev. 2018;98(2):727-780. doi:10.1152/physrev.00041.2016 (DAMP molekulalari va nekroinfammatsiya, nekroptoz signal yoʻli.)
Malik A, El-Hilly A, Ahmed A, et al. Global patterns of necrotizing soft tissue infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgery. 2021;170(4):1057-1065. (NSTI global epidemiologiyasi va letallik statistikasi.)
Orthobullets. Hip Osteonecrosis. Updated September 23, 2025. Available from: https://www.orthobullets.com (Avaskulyar nekroz epidemiologiyasi, klinik bosqichlari va davolash statistikasi.)
Wikidoc. Acute tubular necrosis epidemiology and demographics. Updated May 10, 2018. Available from: https://www.wikidoc.org (OTN epidemiologiyasi, sepsis bilan bogʻliqligi.)
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2012;126(16):2020-2035. (Koagulyatsion nekroz sababi sifatida miokard infarkti taʼrifi.)
Sacco RL, Kasner SE, Broderick JP, et al. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century. Stroke. 2013;44(7):2064-2089. (Miya infarktida kollikvatsion nekroz va insult taʼrifi.)
World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2023. Geneva: WHO; 2023. (Kazeoz nekroz va sil epidemiologiyasi.)
Cureus. A Case of Acute Pancreatitis With Fat Saponification Mimicking Carcinomatosis in an Adolescent. March 2026. (Yogʻ nekrozining pankreatitdagi klinik namoyon boʻlishi.)
