Analysis of Factors Influencing the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Namangan Region
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), Competitive Pressure, Employee Adaptability, Digitalization, TransformationAbstract
The main objective of this study was to identify effective approaches for implementing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Namangan region. The findings reveal that top management commitment and organizational readiness exert the strongest influence on AI adoption, whereas employee adaptability, external support, and competitive pressure do not show a statistically significant impact. Data were collected from 196 business owners and managers through a Google Forms survey and analyzed using SmartPLS 4. The results enabled the identification of priority areas and practical recommendations for effective AI integration. Additionally, the study outlines future directions for enhancing AI implementation among SMEs in Namangan region.
References
Ab Hamid, M. R., Sami, W., & Mohmad Sidek, M. H. (2017). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT criterion. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 890(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012163
Aboelmaged, M. G. (2014). Predicting e-readiness at firm-level: An analysis of technological, organizational and environmental (TOE) effects on e-maintenance readiness in manufacturing firms. International Journal of Information Management, 34(5), 639–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.05.002
Ahmad, S., Zulkurnain, N., & Khairushalimi, F. (2016). Assessing the validity and reliability of a measurement model in structural equation modeling (SEM). British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science, 15, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMCS/2016/25183
Ambad, S. N. A., Andrew, J. V., & Awang Amit, D. H. D. (2020). Growth challenges of SMEs: Empirical evidence in Sabah, Malaysia. ASEAN Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 8–14.
Baabdullah, A. M., Alalwan, A. A., Slade, E. L., Raman, R., & Khatatneh, K. F. (2021). SMEs and artificial intelligence (AI): Antecedents and consequences of AI-based B2B practices. Industrial Marketing Management, 98, 255–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.09.003
Battistoni, E., Gitto, S., Murgia, G., & Campisi, D. (2023). Adoption paths of digital transformation in manufacturing SMEs. International Journal of Production Economics, 255, 108675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108675
Bettoni, A., Matteri, D., Montini, E., Gladysz, B., & Carpanzano, E. (2021). An AI adoption model for SMEs: A conceptual framework. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 54(1), 702–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.082
Boddu, R. S., Karmakar, P., Bhaumik, A., Nassa, V. K., Vandana, & Bhattacharya, S. (2022). Analyzing the impact of machine learning and artificial intelligence on lung cancer detection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials Today: Proceedings, 56, 2213–2216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.549
Campbell, C., Sands, S., Ferraro, C., Tsao, H. Y. (Jody), & Mavrommatis, A. (2020). From data to action: How marketers can leverage AI. Business Horizons, 63(2), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.12.002
Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2023). Convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09871-y
Chitturu, S., Lin, D.-Y., Sneader, K., Tonby, O., & Woetzel, J. (2017). Artificial intelligence and Southeast Asia’s future. McKinsey Global Institute.
Daoud, L., Marei, A., Al-Jabaly, S. M., & Aldaas, A. A. (2021). Moderating the role of top management commitment in usage of computer-assisted auditing techniques. Accounting, 7(2), 457–468. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2020.11.005
Davenport, T., Guha, A., Grewal, D., & Bressgott, T. (2020). How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1), 24–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00696-0
Alarcón, D., & Sanchez, J. A. (2015). Assessing convergent and discriminant validity in the ADHD-R IV rating scale. Spanish STATA Meeting Proceedings, 1–39.
Deepu, T. S., & Ravi, V. (2021). Exploring critical success factors influencing adoption of digital twin and physical internet using grey-DEMATEL. Digital Business, 1(2), 100009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2021.100009
Dondapati, A., Sheoliha, N., Panduro-Ramirez, J., Bakhare, R., Sreejith, P. M., & Kotni, V. V. D. P. (2022). AI framework for B2B marketing rational analysis. Materials Today: Proceedings, 56, 2232–2235.
Drydakis, N. (2022). Artificial intelligence and reduced SMEs’ business risks: A dynamic capabilities analysis. Information Systems Frontiers, 24(4), 1223–1247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10249-6
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Childe, S. J., et al. (2018). Top management commitment to TQM diffusion. International Journal of Production Research, 56(8), 2988–3006.
Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. University of Akron Press.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Fountaine, T., McCarthy, B., & Saleh, T. (2019). Building the AI-powered organization. Harvard Business Review, 97(4), 62–73.
Furuholt, B., & Ørvik, T. (2006). IT implementation in Africa: Lessons from Tanzania. Information Technology for Development, 12, 45–62.
Ganlin, P., Qamruzzaman, M. D., Mehta, A. M., Naqvi, F. N., & Karim, S. (2021). Innovative finance, technological adaptation and SME sustainability. Sustainability, 13(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169218
GetITAdmin. (2022). AI for SMEs. TM One.
Gonçalves, R., Dias, Á., Costa, R. L., Pereira, L., Bento, T., & Rosa, Á. (2022). Gaining competitive advantage through AI adoption. International Journal of Electronic Business, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeb.2022.10044363
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2016). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on PLS-SEM. Sage.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares SEM: Better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1–2), 1–12.
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Digital technologies in education. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275–285.
Hansen, E. B., & Bøgh, S. (2021). AI and IoT in SMEs. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 58, 362–372.
Hashim, N., Samsuri, A. S., & Idris, N. H. (2021). Readiness for technological change in construction. IJSCET, 12(1), 130–139.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135.
Hoyle, R. H. (2011). Structural equation modeling for social and personality psychology. Sage.
Hradecky, D., Kennell, J., Cai, W., & Davidson, R. (2022). AI readiness in the exhibition sector. International Journal of Information Management, 65, 102497.
Huang, M.-H., & Rust, R. T. (2022). Collaborative AI in marketing. Journal of Retailing, 98(2), 209–223.
Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2020). Competing in the age of AI. Harvard Business Review Press.
Jaganathan, M., Ahmad, S., Ishak, K. A., & Nafi, S. N. M. (2018). ICT adoption issues among rural SMEs. Journal of Legal, Ethical & Regulatory Issues, 22(4).
Jalagat, R. (2016). Impact of change management. International Journal of Science and Research, 5, 1233–1239.
Jayashree, S., Reza, M. N. H., Malarvizhi, C. A. N., & Mohiuddin, M. (2021). Industry 4.0 and sustainability. Heliyon, 7(8), e07753.
Jöhnk, J., Weißert, M., & Wyrtki, K. (2021). Organizational readiness for AI. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 63(1), 5–20.
Joiner, I. A. (2018). Artificial intelligence. In Emerging Library Technologies (pp. 1–22).
Keegan, B. J., Canhoto, A. I., & Yen, D. A. (2022). AI in B2B marketing. Industrial Marketing Management, 100, 36–48.
Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
Kopalle, P. K., Gangwar, M., Kaplan, A., et al. (2022). Global AI technologies in marketing. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 39(2), 522–540.
Kumar, V., Ramachandran, D., & Kumar, B. (2021). Influence of new-age technologies on marketing. Journal of Business Research, 125, 864–877.
Lemos, S. I. C., Ferreira, F. A. F., Zopounidis, C., et al. (2022). AI and change management in SMEs. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-05159-4
World Bank. (2023, 26 oktyabr). The World Bank and Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Economy and Finance.
State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics. (2025). Small business and entrepreneurship statistics. https://stat.uz/en/official-statistics/small-business




