An Extended Analytical Overview of the CEFR System from A1 to C2
Keywords:
CEFR, language proficiency, A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, communicative competence, assessment, learner placement, curriculum design, international standards.Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analytical overview of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) from A1 to C2. It examines language competencies, assessment criteria, and practical applications at each proficiency level. CEFR serves as a universal benchmark for curriculum design, learner placement, and international language assessment, supporting effective language teaching and learning across academic, professional, and social contexts.
References
Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Council of Europe. (2020). CEFR Companion Volume with New Descriptors. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
British Council. (2023). IELTS and the CEFR.
Cambridge English. (2022). Aligning Cambridge English Qualifications to the CEFR.
ETS. (2023). TOEFL iBT Score Mapping to the CEFR.
