THE PROBLEM OF EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION: THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
Keywords:
equivalence, translation theory, dynamic equivalence, functional equivalence, cultural adaptation, Uzbek translationAbstract
The problem of equivalence in translation is one of the central issues of translation theory, aimed at ensuring semantic, pragmatic and stylistic compatibility between source and target languages. This article analyzes the concept of equivalence based on Roman Jacobson's three types of translation, Eugene Naida's formal and dynamic equivalence models, as well as the functional approaches of Mona Baker and Werner Koller. Theoretical discussions are reinforced by practical examples taken from Uzbek literature and scientific texts. The study shows that equivalence is not absolute, but rather context-dependent and based on the translator's cultural mediation skills. As a result, it is argued that hybrid approaches (for example, combining machine translation with human editing) are effective in increasing equivalence in modern translation practice.
References
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Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2021). Resolution on the transfer of scientific and technical terminology to the Latin script. Tashkent.
UzDST 1104:2020. Standardization of translation activities. Tashkent: Uzstandard Agency.
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